SKU: 75802243791

Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307-337 AE3 BI Nummus / ANGELS OF VICTORY NGC (23)

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Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307-337 AE3 BI Nummus / ANGELS OF VICTORY NGC (23)Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307 337 AE3 BI Nummus Obverse: Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right. Reverse: Two Victories (Nikes) standing, facing each other, together holding shield reading VOT PR on cippus. In ancient Roman religion, Victoria or Victory was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had



Roman Empire



Constantine I AD 307-337

AE3 BI  Nummus

Obverse: Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust
right.

Reverse: Two Victories (Nikes) standing, facing each other, together holding
shield reading VOT/PR on cippus.



In ancient Roman religion, Victoria or
Victory was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of
the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from
the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had a temple on the Palatine Hill.
The goddess Vica Pota was also sometimes identified with Victoria.



Unlike the Greek Nike, the goddess Victoria (Latin for "victory") was a major
part of Roman society. Multiple temples were erected in her honor. When her
statue was removed in 382 CE by Emperor Gratianus there was much anger in Rome.
She was normally worshiped by triumphant generals returning from war.



Also unlike the Greek Nike, who was known for success in athletic games such as
chariot races, Victoria was a symbol of victory over death and determined who
would be successful during war.



Victoria appears widely on Roman coins, jewelry, architecture, and other arts.
She is often seen with or in a chariot, as in the late 18th-century sculpture
representing Victory in a quadriga on the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany;
"Il Vittoriano" in Rome has two.



Winged figures, very often in pairs, representing victory and referred to as
"victories", were common in Roman official iconography, typically hovering high
in a composition, and often filling spaces in spandrels or other gaps in
architecture. These represent the spirit of victory rather than the goddess
herself. They continued to appear after Christianization of the Empire, and
slowly mutated into Christian angels.



Constantine I 'The Great' - Roman Emperor:
307-337 A.D.



Caesar (Recognized): 306-309 A.D. | Filius Augustorum (Recognized): 309-310 A.D.
| Augustus (Self-Proclaimed): 307-310 A.D. | Augustus (Recognized): 310-337 A.D.
|



| Son of Constantius I 'Chlorus' and Helena | Step-son of Theodora | Husband of
Minervina and Fausta | Father (by Minervina) of Crispus and (by Fausta) of
Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans, Constantina (wife of Hanniballianus &
Constantius Gallus) and Helena the Younger (wife of Julian II) | Son-in-law of
Maximian and Eutropia | Brother-in-law of Maxentius | Half-brother of Constantia
(w. of Licinius I) | Half-uncle of Delmatius, Hanniballianus, Constantius
Gallus, Julian II, Licinius II and Nepotian | Grandfather of Constantia (wife of
Gratian) |



Constantine the Great (Latin: Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus;
27 February c. 272 AD - 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint
Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great,
Equal-to-the-Apostles), was a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD. Constantine was
the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army officer, and his consort
Helena. His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west in 293 AD.
Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military
tribune under the emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was
raised to the rank of Augustus, senior western emperor, and Constantine was
recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Acclaimed as
emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in
306 AD, Constantine emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the
emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by
324 AD.



As emperor, Constantine enacted many administrative, financial, social, and
military reforms to strengthen the empire. The government was restructured and
civil and military authority separated. A new gold coin, the solidus, was
introduced to combat inflation. It would become the standard for Byzantine and
European currencies for more than a thousand years. The first Roman emperor to
claim conversion to Christianity, Constantine played an influential role in the
proclamation of the Edict of Milan in 313, which decreed tolerance for
Christianity in the empire. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325, at
which the Nicene Creed was professed by Christians. In military matters, the
Roman army was reorganised to consist of mobile field units and garrison
soldiers capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions.
Constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the Roman
frontiers-the Franks, the Alamanni, the Goths, and the Sarmatians-even
resettling territories abandoned by his predecessors during the Crisis of the
Third Century.



The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman
Empire. He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium and renamed the city
Constantinople after himself (the laudatory epithet of "New Rome" came later,
and was never an official title). It would later become the capital of the
Empire for over one thousand years; for which reason the later Eastern Empire
would come to be known as the Byzantine Empire. His more immediate political
legacy was that, in leaving the empire to his sons, he replaced Diocletian's
tetrarchy with the principle of dynastic succession. His reputation flourished
during the lifetime of his children and centuries after his reign. The medieval
church upheld him as a paragon of virtue while secular rulers invoked him as a
prototype, a point of reference, and the symbol of imperial legitimacy and
identity. Beginning with the Renaissance, there were more critical appraisals of
his reign due to the rediscovery of anti-Constantinian sources. Critics
portrayed him as a tyrant. Trends in modern and recent scholarship attempted to
balance the extremes of previous scholarship.



Constantine is a significant figure in the history of Christianity. The Church
of the Holy Sepulchre, built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus' tomb
in Jerusalem, became the holiest place in Christendom. The Papal claim to
temporal power in the High Middle Ages was based on the supposed Donation of
Constantine. He is venerated as a saint by Eastern Orthodox, Byzantine
Catholics, and Anglicans.








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A. Diamond
Lexington, US
★★★★★ 5
Simple and reliable
Color: Black/Digital/Green
I love the simplicity and reliability of this watch. It has only a handful of features, but they're all easy to figure out and use. The display is quite readable as well, under just about any conditions. This is an example of good design that doesn't try to do too much. What it does do, it does well. Good price too! These watches are durable and will last a long time. Battery changes are easy too.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 19, 2025
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Verified Purchase
Steve L
Charlottesville, US
★★★★★ 5
Beautifully simple
Color: Black/Digital/Green
My son has worn a smaller version of this watch for a few years. After trying a different brand lately, which broke way too easily, I found this one on Amazon listed as "Used - Very Good" condition. I received what appeared to be simply an open box item, otherwise it looked brand new. This watch fits me really well, and is not clumsy on my wrist, it does not get in the way of everyday motions. For me, it's just the right size. It is also pretty intuitive to use and set the alarms, etc. It has 3 alarms, each with a different sound. It can be worn in the shower without issue, I have not tried a swimming pool, though. It feels tough and durable, as my son's has proven to be. I'm very happy with this purchase. *** Update: I spent considerable time in swimming pools recently while wearing the watch. It's still as good as when I opened it. Still 5 stars. *** Update 2: a year-and-a-half of wearing, and it is performing really well! All the buttons and words on the watch are still in very good shape and easy to read. I wear this every single day. I don't put it through the wringer every day. But, I did spend a full week sailing and snorkeling last summer in salt water with hours each day in the water. It still looks and works the same as the day I bought it.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 12, 2022
P
Verified Purchase
Placeholder
Waukegan, US
★★★★★ 5
So simple
Color: Black/Digital/Green
Love it So simple I don’t even think about it Ready to go every day Band is very comfortable
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Reviewed in the United States on May 15, 2026
A
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ahkeongs
Lexington, US
★★★★★ 5
Good
Colour: Black/Silver-Tone
Like the look and functions
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Reviewed in Singapore on 12 January 2023
B
Verified Purchase
Bruno Freitas
Charlottesville, US
★★★★★ 5
Perfect for Training (Swimming) Purposes.... 5 Star for what it does as a training watch!
Color: Black/Yellow
This is already my 2nd TIMEX which I use for my swimming practices.. This one beats the older model (Timex 51931 Ironman Triathlon) with some interesting changes: 1) The larger digits on this model makes it easier to read the numbers (as some mentioned to do so when running) even when I am swimming, with a quick flick of the wrist at the turn, it's possible to see the minutes and the seconds.... The older model had smaller number, thus not making it possible to do this. 2) The navigation on this model became quite easier. It was already easy on the older model but this one included instructions on screen, such as NEXT, DONE, + or - in order to advance with your practices and training... Plus a chance to change the way you want to see the information of the your laps (Laps in the big digits and splits at the smaller one, or the oposite) A Real nice add on by TIMEX. 3) A simple but effective wrist band "clip" (the tiny piece of strap that attachs the "extra" wrist band that is left after you put the clock on) It has a piece of rubber on the inside that locks on at the wrist band and does not make it loose or even letting it go as some other watches do sometimes. This is more effective underwater I think, as it remains the way you set your wrist, as the older model I had did not quite held in place all the time. 4) Plenty of memory (100 laps is really a nice number), maybe more then most will need but, as a swimmer I use to count splits over 100m (or yards) with many laps during one training... It is quite usefull. I go easily on 10 to 15 laps of the memory in one training. And with the date feature, that reminds when you did these times, it is quite usefull to keep track on the training with a spreadsheet, for instance... (as I do !) 5) A really big START/SPLIT buttom that is great to press when I am swimming laps and have to press myself at each turn at the pool. Just perfect. Never a miss ! And the feature which was already at most of the models, of the repeat countdown, and the start of a chrono, or a repeat (what I use the most) in order race agains your average rhitym inside a certain time frame that you can set it up ! And of course the flix technology, which is very good to have it... Just flick your wrist (when you set it to ON) and it will show you at night all info that you need. It is another great watch from TIMEX and it deserves a look, specially for the price. It is worth to pay a bit more if you are like me and uses a lot of the memory for the laps on swimming pool. Maybe for runners it can be quite a lot of memory, but the price difference is worth the change, for some of the options mentioned at this review. This is a really good watch to have.. Will you definatelly like as we all are at these reviews. :-) It deserves the 5 stars rating !
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Reviewed in the United States on January 10, 2009

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